Yes it is as simple as using ssh-keygen as the user that you want to authenticate remotely as, then copying the public key that gets created (for example for RSA it's id_rsa.pub) to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on the client.
Then you can seamlessly authenticate to the server from the client using ssh, with the user that you created the key as.
Then you can seamlessly authenticate to the server from the client using ssh, with the user that you created the key as.
