Hello,
I currently have found no good way to do this,
a function that completely removes for all languages:
Accents, Diacriticals and Special Language Characters
I have tried the Wordpress function (remove_accents() is located in wp-includes/formatting.php)
which is a good approach, but still fails for some languages,
like Greek, Russian, Arabic and some other special languages.
It also has the limitation, that if it is applied for a generic string,
without ability to know locale, or for mixed languages string, the WP implementation,
will not work correctly for German and Danish, as it requires unknown info (locale)
Thus, I tried implementing a custom method:
But, as it seems, the method of htmlentities, is not so good, as it seems to be
replacing all with their latin equivalents, but this is not good for languages that
cannot be substituded properly in latin alphabet, like for example, for greek letters,
replacement with latin letter is not correct, removing the accent should replace
the letter with the same letter in greek alphabet, but unaccented, in this function,
for Greek is the only language, it does not even do that, leaves letters intact.
This fails for proper transliteration also for German, Danish, Swedish and most
languages that would have a letter that needs either a replacement with unaccented
letter of their alphabet or maybe two letters to be represented in latin alphabet.
Anyone able to help with making a perfect function, that does really replace all
accented letters with their unaccented letter, in the proper alphabet it was ???
The input string can be considered as UTF-8 encoded always, with unknown locale or even mixed string with words in different languages.
A final alternative solution, if you can't provide a clean and simple way,
would be a mix of two or three different functions, a first run sanitizing
function for special languages, that would do for all their characters,
proper replacements one by one via str_replace(), then apply the WP
or htmlentitiles() way, or both if needed, but still, for doing that, I would
need a full collection, of all languages that can be written in UTF-8 and
info which characters are the accented ones and with which these need
to be replaced...
Thanks for any help !!!
I currently have found no good way to do this,
a function that completely removes for all languages:
Accents, Diacriticals and Special Language Characters
I have tried the Wordpress function (remove_accents() is located in wp-includes/formatting.php)
PHP Code
<?php
function remove_accents($string)
{
if(!preg_match('/[\x80-\xff]/', $string))
{
return $string;
}
if(seems_utf8($string))
{
$chars = array
(
// Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement
chr(194).chr(170) => 'a', chr(194).chr(186) => 'o',
chr(195).chr(128) => 'A', chr(195).chr(129) => 'A',
chr(195).chr(130) => 'A', chr(195).chr(131) => 'A',
chr(195).chr(132) => 'A', chr(195).chr(133) => 'A',
chr(195).chr(134) => 'AE',chr(195).chr(135) => 'C',
chr(195).chr(136) => 'E', chr(195).chr(137) => 'E',
chr(195).chr(138) => 'E', chr(195).chr(139) => 'E',
chr(195).chr(140) => 'I', chr(195).chr(141) => 'I',
chr(195).chr(142) => 'I', chr(195).chr(143) => 'I',
chr(195).chr(144) => 'D', chr(195).chr(145) => 'N',
chr(195).chr(146) => 'O', chr(195).chr(147) => 'O',
chr(195).chr(148) => 'O', chr(195).chr(149) => 'O',
chr(195).chr(150) => 'O', chr(195).chr(153) => 'U',
chr(195).chr(154) => 'U', chr(195).chr(155) => 'U',
chr(195).chr(156) => 'U', chr(195).chr(157) => 'Y',
chr(195).chr(158) => 'TH',chr(195).chr(159) => 's',
chr(195).chr(160) => 'a', chr(195).chr(161) => 'a',
chr(195).chr(162) => 'a', chr(195).chr(163) => 'a',
chr(195).chr(164) => 'a', chr(195).chr(165) => 'a',
chr(195).chr(166) => 'ae',chr(195).chr(167) => 'c',
chr(195).chr(168) => 'e', chr(195).chr(169) => 'e',
chr(195).chr(170) => 'e', chr(195).chr(171) => 'e',
chr(195).chr(172) => 'i', chr(195).chr(173) => 'i',
chr(195).chr(174) => 'i', chr(195).chr(175) => 'i',
chr(195).chr(176) => 'd', chr(195).chr(177) => 'n',
chr(195).chr(178) => 'o', chr(195).chr(179) => 'o',
chr(195).chr(180) => 'o', chr(195).chr(181) => 'o',
chr(195).chr(182) => 'o', chr(195).chr(184) => 'o',
chr(195).chr(185) => 'u', chr(195).chr(186) => 'u',
chr(195).chr(187) => 'u', chr(195).chr(188) => 'u',
chr(195).chr(189) => 'y', chr(195).chr(190) => 'th',
chr(195).chr(191) => 'y', chr(195).chr(152) => 'O',
// Decompositions for Latin Extended-A
chr(196).chr(128) => 'A', chr(196).chr(129) => 'a',
chr(196).chr(130) => 'A', chr(196).chr(131) => 'a',
chr(196).chr(132) => 'A', chr(196).chr(133) => 'a',
chr(196).chr(134) => 'C', chr(196).chr(135) => 'c',
chr(196).chr(136) => 'C', chr(196).chr(137) => 'c',
chr(196).chr(138) => 'C', chr(196).chr(139) => 'c',
chr(196).chr(140) => 'C', chr(196).chr(141) => 'c',
chr(196).chr(142) => 'D', chr(196).chr(143) => 'd',
chr(196).chr(144) => 'D', chr(196).chr(145) => 'd',
chr(196).chr(146) => 'E', chr(196).chr(147) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(148) => 'E', chr(196).chr(149) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(150) => 'E', chr(196).chr(151) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(152) => 'E', chr(196).chr(153) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(154) => 'E', chr(196).chr(155) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(156) => 'G', chr(196).chr(157) => 'g',
chr(196).chr(158) => 'G', chr(196).chr(159) => 'g',
chr(196).chr(160) => 'G', chr(196).chr(161) => 'g',
chr(196).chr(162) => 'G', chr(196).chr(163) => 'g',
chr(196).chr(164) => 'H', chr(196).chr(165) => 'h',
chr(196).chr(166) => 'H', chr(196).chr(167) => 'h',
chr(196).chr(168) => 'I', chr(196).chr(169) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(170) => 'I', chr(196).chr(171) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(172) => 'I', chr(196).chr(173) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(174) => 'I', chr(196).chr(175) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(176) => 'I', chr(196).chr(177) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(178) => 'IJ',chr(196).chr(179) => 'ij',
chr(196).chr(180) => 'J', chr(196).chr(181) => 'j',
chr(196).chr(182) => 'K', chr(196).chr(183) => 'k',
chr(196).chr(184) => 'k', chr(196).chr(185) => 'L',
chr(196).chr(186) => 'l', chr(196).chr(187) => 'L',
chr(196).chr(188) => 'l', chr(196).chr(189) => 'L',
chr(196).chr(190) => 'l', chr(196).chr(191) => 'L',
chr(197).chr(128) => 'l', chr(197).chr(129) => 'L',
chr(197).chr(130) => 'l', chr(197).chr(131) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(132) => 'n', chr(197).chr(133) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(134) => 'n', chr(197).chr(135) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(136) => 'n', chr(197).chr(137) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(138) => 'n', chr(197).chr(139) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(140) => 'O', chr(197).chr(141) => 'o',
chr(197).chr(142) => 'O', chr(197).chr(143) => 'o',
chr(197).chr(144) => 'O', chr(197).chr(145) => 'o',
chr(197).chr(146) => 'OE',chr(197).chr(147) => 'oe',
chr(197).chr(148) => 'R',chr(197).chr(149) => 'r',
chr(197).chr(150) => 'R',chr(197).chr(151) => 'r',
chr(197).chr(152) => 'R',chr(197).chr(153) => 'r',
chr(197).chr(154) => 'S',chr(197).chr(155) => 's',
chr(197).chr(156) => 'S',chr(197).chr(157) => 's',
chr(197).chr(158) => 'S',chr(197).chr(159) => 's',
chr(197).chr(160) => 'S', chr(197).chr(161) => 's',
chr(197).chr(162) => 'T', chr(197).chr(163) => 't',
chr(197).chr(164) => 'T', chr(197).chr(165) => 't',
chr(197).chr(166) => 'T', chr(197).chr(167) => 't',
chr(197).chr(168) => 'U', chr(197).chr(169) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(170) => 'U', chr(197).chr(171) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(172) => 'U', chr(197).chr(173) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(174) => 'U', chr(197).chr(175) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(176) => 'U', chr(197).chr(177) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(178) => 'U', chr(197).chr(179) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(180) => 'W', chr(197).chr(181) => 'w',
chr(197).chr(182) => 'Y', chr(197).chr(183) => 'y',
chr(197).chr(184) => 'Y', chr(197).chr(185) => 'Z',
chr(197).chr(186) => 'z', chr(197).chr(187) => 'Z',
chr(197).chr(188) => 'z', chr(197).chr(189) => 'Z',
chr(197).chr(190) => 'z', chr(197).chr(191) => 's',
// Decompositions for Latin Extended-B
chr(200).chr(152) => 'S', chr(200).chr(153) => 's',
chr(200).chr(154) => 'T', chr(200).chr(155) => 't',
// Euro Sign
chr(226).chr(130).chr(172) => 'E',
// GBP (Pound) Sign
chr(194).chr(163) => '',
// Vowels with diacritic (Vietnamese)
// unmarked
chr(198).chr(160) => 'O', chr(198).chr(161) => 'o',
chr(198).chr(175) => 'U', chr(198).chr(176) => 'u',
// grave accent
chr(225).chr(186).chr(166) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(167) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(176) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(177) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(128) => 'E', chr(225).chr(187).chr(129) => 'e',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(146) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(147) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(156) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(157) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(170) => 'U', chr(225).chr(187).chr(171) => 'u',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(178) => 'Y', chr(225).chr(187).chr(179) => 'y',
// hook
chr(225).chr(186).chr(162) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(163) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(168) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(169) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(178) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(179) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(186) => 'E', chr(225).chr(186).chr(187) => 'e',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(130) => 'E', chr(225).chr(187).chr(131) => 'e',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(136) => 'I', chr(225).chr(187).chr(137) => 'i',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(142) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(143) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(148) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(149) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(158) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(159) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(166) => 'U', chr(225).chr(187).chr(167) => 'u',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(172) => 'U', chr(225).chr(187).chr(173) => 'u',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(182) => 'Y', chr(225).chr(187).chr(183) => 'y',
// tilde
chr(225).chr(186).chr(170) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(171) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(180) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(181) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(188) => 'E', chr(225).chr(186).chr(189) => 'e',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(132) => 'E', chr(225).chr(187).chr(133) => 'e',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(150) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(151) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(160) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(161) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(174) => 'U', chr(225).chr(187).chr(175) => 'u',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(184) => 'Y', chr(225).chr(187).chr(185) => 'y',
// acute accent
chr(225).chr(186).chr(164) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(165) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(174) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(175) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(190) => 'E', chr(225).chr(186).chr(191) => 'e',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(144) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(145) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(154) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(155) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(168) => 'U', chr(225).chr(187).chr(169) => 'u',
// dot below
chr(225).chr(186).chr(160) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(161) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(172) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(173) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(182) => 'A', chr(225).chr(186).chr(183) => 'a',
chr(225).chr(186).chr(184) => 'E', chr(225).chr(186).chr(185) => 'e',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(134) => 'E', chr(225).chr(187).chr(135) => 'e',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(138) => 'I', chr(225).chr(187).chr(139) => 'i',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(140) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(141) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(152) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(153) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(162) => 'O', chr(225).chr(187).chr(163) => 'o',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(164) => 'U', chr(225).chr(187).chr(165) => 'u',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(176) => 'U', chr(225).chr(187).chr(177) => 'u',
chr(225).chr(187).chr(180) => 'Y', chr(225).chr(187).chr(181) => 'y',
// Vowels with diacritic (Chinese, Hanyu Pinyin)
chr(201).chr(145) => 'a',
// macron
chr(199).chr(149) => 'U', chr(199).chr(150) => 'u',
// acute accent
chr(199).chr(151) => 'U', chr(199).chr(152) => 'u',
// caron
chr(199).chr(141) => 'A', chr(199).chr(142) => 'a',
chr(199).chr(143) => 'I', chr(199).chr(144) => 'i',
chr(199).chr(145) => 'O', chr(199).chr(146) => 'o',
chr(199).chr(147) => 'U', chr(199).chr(148) => 'u',
chr(199).chr(153) => 'U', chr(199).chr(154) => 'u',
// grave accent
chr(199).chr(155) => 'U', chr(199).chr(156) => 'u',
);
// Used for locale-specific rules
$locale = 'en_US'; ////// <<<----- CUSTOMLY REMOVED CALLS TO WP CONFIGS HERE AND NULLED IT TO BE ALWAYS en_US, as our string is unknown or mixed locales
if('de_DE' == $locale)
{
$chars[ chr(195).chr(132) ] = 'Ae';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(164) ] = 'ae';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(150) ] = 'Oe';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(182) ] = 'oe';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(156) ] = 'Ue';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(188) ] = 'ue';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(159) ] = 'ss';
}
elseif('da_DK' === $locale)
{
$chars[ chr(195).chr(134) ] = 'Ae';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(166) ] = 'ae';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(152) ] = 'Oe';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(184) ] = 'oe';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(133) ] = 'Aa';
$chars[ chr(195).chr(165) ] = 'aa';
}
$string = strtr($string, $chars);
}
else
{
// Assume ISO-8859-1 if not UTF-8
$chars['in'] = chr(128).chr(131).chr(138).chr(142).chr(154).chr(158)
.chr(159).chr(162).chr(165).chr(181).chr(192).chr(193).chr(194)
.chr(195).chr(196).chr(197).chr(199).chr(200).chr(201).chr(202)
.chr(203).chr(204).chr(205).chr(206).chr(207).chr(209).chr(210)
.chr(211).chr(212).chr(213).chr(214).chr(216).chr(217).chr(218)
.chr(219).chr(220).chr(221).chr(224).chr(225).chr(226).chr(227)
.chr(228).chr(229).chr(231).chr(232).chr(233).chr(234).chr(235)
.chr(236).chr(237).chr(238).chr(239).chr(241).chr(242).chr(243)
.chr(244).chr(245).chr(246).chr(248).chr(249).chr(250).chr(251)
.chr(252).chr(253).chr(255);
$chars['out'] = "EfSZszYcYuAAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOOOUUUUYaaaaaaceeeeiiiinoooooouuuuyy";
$string = strtr($string, $chars['in'], $chars['out']);
$double_chars['in'] = array(chr(140), chr(156), chr(198), chr(208), chr(222), chr(223), chr(230), chr(240), chr(254));
$double_chars['out'] = array('OE', 'oe', 'AE', 'DH', 'TH', 'ss', 'ae', 'dh', 'th');
$string = str_replace($double_chars['in'], $double_chars['out'], $string);
}
return $string;
}
function seems_utf8($str)
{
$length = strlen($str);
for($i=0; $i < $length; $i++)
{
$c = ord($str[$i]);
if($c < 0x80)
{
$n = 0; # 0bbbbbb
}
elseif(($c & 0xE0) == 0xC0)
{
$n=1; # 110bbbbb
}
elseif(($c & 0xF0) == 0xE0)
{
$n=2; # 1110bbbb
}
elseif(($c & 0xF8) == 0xF0)
{
$n=3; # 11110bbb
}
elseif(($c & 0xFC) == 0xF8)
{
$n=4; # 111110bb
}
elseif(($c & 0xFE) == 0xFC)
{
$n=5; # 1111110b
}
else
{
return false; # Does not match any model
}
for($j=0; $j<$n; $j++)
{
# n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow ?
if((++$i == $length) || ((ord($str[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80))
{
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
?>like Greek, Russian, Arabic and some other special languages.
It also has the limitation, that if it is applied for a generic string,
without ability to know locale, or for mixed languages string, the WP implementation,
will not work correctly for German and Danish, as it requires unknown info (locale)
Thus, I tried implementing a custom method:
PHP Code
<?php
function custom_remove_accents(&$string)
{
$encoding = "UTF-8";
$string = htmlentities(mb_strtolower($string,$encoding), null, $encoding);
return preg_replace('/&([^;])[^;]*;/', "$1", $string);
}
$data = 'a b c à á â ã ä ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô õ ö ù ú û ü ý ÿ'.
'À Á Â Ã Ä Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ù Ú Û Ü Ý ó ø ä ö'.
'å ë ö Ί έ ό ϋ ά ß ô ς ام 大 کرے а و মার্কেটপ্লেস コ ス メ أبناء め て の'.
'方 最 с н к ц и и п о р о ш е н к о المحاف ë へ هل 初 ϊ ώ Ό';
$new = remove_accents($data);
echo "Old String:<BR><BR>$data<BR><ΗR><BR>New String:<BR><BR>$new";
?>
RESULTS:
------
Old String:
a b c à á â ã ä ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô õ ö ù ú û ü ý ÿÀ Á Â Ã Ä Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ù Ú Û Ü Ý ó ø ä öå ë ö Ί έ ό ϋ ά ß ô ς ام 大 کرے а و মার্কেটপ্লেস コ ス メ أبناء め て の方 最 с н к ц и и п о р о ш е н к о المحاف ë へ هل 初 ϊ ώ Ό
New String:
a b c a a a a a c e e e e i i i i n o o o o o u u u u y yA A A A A C E E E E I I I I N O O O O O U U U U Y o o a oa e o Ί έ ό ϋ ά s o ς ام 大 کرے а و মার্কেটপ্লেস コ ス メ أبناء め て の方 最 с н к ц и и п о р о ш е н к о المحاف e へ هل 初 ϊ ώ Ό
But, as it seems, the method of htmlentities, is not so good, as it seems to be
replacing all with their latin equivalents, but this is not good for languages that
cannot be substituded properly in latin alphabet, like for example, for greek letters,
replacement with latin letter is not correct, removing the accent should replace
the letter with the same letter in greek alphabet, but unaccented, in this function,
for Greek is the only language, it does not even do that, leaves letters intact.
This fails for proper transliteration also for German, Danish, Swedish and most
languages that would have a letter that needs either a replacement with unaccented
letter of their alphabet or maybe two letters to be represented in latin alphabet.
Anyone able to help with making a perfect function, that does really replace all
accented letters with their unaccented letter, in the proper alphabet it was ???
The input string can be considered as UTF-8 encoded always, with unknown locale or even mixed string with words in different languages.
A final alternative solution, if you can't provide a clean and simple way,
would be a mix of two or three different functions, a first run sanitizing
function for special languages, that would do for all their characters,
proper replacements one by one via str_replace(), then apply the WP
or htmlentitiles() way, or both if needed, but still, for doing that, I would
need a full collection, of all languages that can be written in UTF-8 and
info which characters are the accented ones and with which these need
to be replaced...
Thanks for any help !!!

