The OSI Model
Physical (layer 1)
Describes the mechanical and electrical details of network components such as cable, connectors and network interfaces
Data Link (layer 2)
Describes the basic techniques that networks use to uniquely identify devices on the network (typically via a MAC address) and the other means for one device to send information over the physical layer to another device, in form of data packets. Switches operate at the data link layer, which means they manage the efficient transmission of data packets from one device to another
Network (layer 3)
Handles the routing of data across networks. Routers operate at the network layer
Transport (layer 4)
Provides for reliable delivery of packets
Session (layer 5)
Establishes sessions between network applications
Presentation (layer 6)
Converts data so that systems that use different data formats can exchange information
Application (layer 7)
Allows applications to request network services
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